Masks can be one of the most important defense tools to protect our community. Currently, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend the use of masks by the general public to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Countries like South Korea, which adopted mask usage early on, have been much more successful in controlling the spread of the disease. Over the past few months, mask usage has increased significantly in New York and New Jersey. However, the availability of various types of masks has led to confusion in choosing the right one.

Masks can generally be categorized into three different types: particulate filtering masks, surgical masks, and cloth masks. Particulate filtering masks (known as N95, KN95, or KF94 according to national standards) are designed to filter out particles as small as 0.3 microns. Particles of this size are considered very dangerous because they tend to penetrate deeply into the lungs. However, N95 masks and similar types are more expensive, harder to obtain, and less comfortable to wear. To use these masks effectively, it is essential that the edges of the mask are always sealed. Surgical masks are designed to protect against fluids and droplets. These masks are generally much more comfortable and easier to obtain. Cloth masks have no standardized design and serve various purposes.

For most people, surgical masks are considered the best choice for preventing transmission. Since the virus spreads through respiratory droplets, wearing a surgical mask can effectively block COVID-19 infections and prevent virus transmission from infected individuals. Particulate filtering masks are effective in situations where there is a high risk of exposure for a short period. In fact, it has been shown that surgical masks are as effective as particulate filtering masks for healthcare workers exposed to various viruses. Cloth masks can also be effective, but their efficacy is unclear due to a lack of rigorous testing. However, all three types of masks should be avoided if they have a filter replacement valve, as droplets can escape through the valve when exhaling. When wearing a mask, it is important to avoid touching the outside surface, which can become contaminated. When adjusting the mask, only the edges should be touched. Surgical masks and N95 masks should be discarded immediately if they become wet, contaminated, or damaged in any way. However, if the mask is intact, there are no time limits on how long any type of mask can be used. Both N95 and surgical masks have been shown to be usable for extended periods. Cloth masks can be reused, but care should be taken during washing. Due to the risk of contamination, it is advisable not to reuse surgical masks and N95 masks.

The most important factor in choosing a mask is likely comfort. Many people tend to touch or adjust their masks frequently if they find them uncomfortable, and some may only wear them partially. Because masks can be obstructive when speaking, some individuals may remove their masks while on the phone, which negates the protective effect against infection.

Nowadays, many manufacturers are developing masks made from various materials. In addition to their covering function, some masks allow for adjustable straps and include devices to extend the straps to prevent irritation behind the ears. In this regard, the best mask is the one that you actually wear.

One of the most frustrating aspects of wearing masks is that no one can see each other's faces. Many emotions are conveyed through facial expressions, making communication much more difficult. To show a bit of personality, there are many masks with designs. However, the best advice I have heard for effective communication is to learn to smile with your eyes. The COVID-19 virus often presents no symptoms, so many people may not realize they are spreading the virus. This is one of the reasons COVID-19 spreads so quickly and widely. Wearing masks can help block the transmission of this disease. Choosing the right mask can actually save your life.

AKAM (Association of Korean American Medical Graduates)
AKAM, the Association of Korean American Medical Graduates, is a volunteer organization based in New York and New Jersey. We are dedicated to promoting the health and welfare of the community. We focus on volunteerism, education, research, and mentorship for physicians and students interested in medicine. For more information, visit www.akam.org.

Written by Paul Han, MD
President, Association of Korean American Medical Graduates (AKAM)