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By Yoon Sung-min, Ph.D.
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In Korea, children born to wealthy parents are often referred to as having been born with a "silver spoon," while those from less affluent backgrounds are termed as having "dirt spoons." This concept is part of what is commonly known as the “spoon class theory,” a neologism reflecting the self-deprecating view that social class is determined by the wealth inherited from one's parents.
Historically, the United States was perceived as the land where the American Dream thrived. The belief that anyone, regardless of status, education, or race, could succeed through hard work, fueled the nation’s aspirational spirit. This notion of social mobility uplifted society’s morale, injecting vigor across public life.
However, the U.S. is also experiencing increasingly rigid social mobility. This shift was highlighted by Donald Trump’s unexpected victory, supported predominantly by white workers dissatisfied with their inability to benefit from their labor due to a pervasive sense of stagnation.
In 2016, an academic study led by Raj Chetty from Stanford, along with researchers from Harvard and Berkeley, predicted that only half of individuals born in the 1980s would earn more than their parents. This compares starkly with the 92% of children born in the 1940s who out-earned their predecessors. While it's premature to declare the American Dream obsolete, absolute social mobility has become markedly challenging.
Further, economic inequality has intensified due to globalization and neoliberal economic policies. A 2016 study by Thomas Piketty’s team showed that from 1962 to 2014, income for the bottom 50% rose by just 1% when adjusted for inflation, while 70% of income growth since the 1980s went to the top 10%.
Is a "dirt spoon" fate immutable? The responsibility to build a fairer society lies with everyone. Governments should champion policies that create jobs and alleviate economic inequality. Electing politicians who represent these ideals is a civic duty.
Nevertheless, environmental changes are not easily enacted. Globalization and neoliberal trends are formidable, akin to pushing against immovable stones. The shift towards internet-based industries and automation in manufacturing, as well as AI in specialized fields, signals a future dominated by knowledge and data-driven sectors.
How should individuals manage inequality within the "spoon class" society? The answer may lie in positive psychology and cultivating “Grit”—a relentless pursuit of passion and perseverance. One's mindset shapes perceptions and actions profoundly.
Having a positive outlook doesn’t mean ignoring harsh realities or the necessity for macroeconomic policy changes. It involves viewing adversity as temporary and within one’s power to change, valuing one's small victories and efforts.
Angela Duckworth's research at the University of Pennsylvania found a correlation between higher grit scores among Chicago public middle school students and better graduation rates, suggesting that passion and perseverance are more critical to success than innate intelligence.
Building grit involves adopting a growth mindset, continuously learning, striving, and transforming one’s life through purposeful action.
The spoon class theory remains a significant societal issue needing attention. Despite challenging realities, growth and success are attainable. Instead of passively awaiting change, adopting a positive mindset with ambition and resilience can lead to a more successful, fulfilling life.
Yoon Sung-min, Ph.D.
Director of Mental Health Clinic
Executive Director, New York Child Center, Flushing Mental Health Clinic & Asian Mental Health Clinic
☎ 646-733-7526 | yoondsw@gmail.com
